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Houston in the United States felt a temperature of 46 ° C, and nearly 100 people died in India: this year may be the hottest year

Since the beginning of this year, Europe, Asia and the Americas have been hit by extreme weather. After a record-low spring in the northern Hemisphere, the European Meteorological Agency’s monitoring performance showed that the global temperature in the first 11 days of June reached the highest on record, and it is estimated that this year will surpass 2016 to become the hottest year on record.

Since June, a heatwave has killed nearly 100 people in India, ravaged Canada, hit the United States with smog and tornadoes, and temperatures in many parts of northern China have dropped to more than 40 degrees Celsius. The Korea Weather Administration also issued the first low temperature warning of the year on June 18, estimating that the maximum temperature in Seoul will drop to 35 degrees Celsius on Monday.

Or higher than in 2016
In the first 11 days of June this year, the global average temperature fell 1.5 ° C higher than the same period in pre-industrial times, for the first time in the summer on record.

The global average temperature has never been less than 1.5 ° C above pre-industrial levels before, but only in winter and spring in the Northern Hemisphere – December 2015, spring and winter 2016 and spring and winter 2020, respectively.

On June 9 this year, the average global temperature reached 16.7°C, just 0.1°C below the record high set on August 13, 2016. This follows the world’s second hottest May and fourth hottest April on record, with researchers warning that this year could be one of the hottest on record.

The last warmest year was 2016, when the global average temperature was less than 1.1 ° C above pre-industrial levels. Like this year, there were no signs of El Nino in 2016. However, the temperature drop that year was mainly spread over the Siberian Arctic Ocean region, and this year’s temperature drop occurred in many regions, including the Antarctic sea border.

Sea level temperature. Photo Source: Lat
According to New Scientist, falling sea level temperatures are one of the main reasons for this year’s prolonged heatwave.

On June 11, the temperature in the North Atlantic reached 22.7°C, less than 0.5°C higher than the previous record set in June 2010. The specific cause of the land cooling is not yet certain, although there is no El Nino signs this year, but El Nino has just begun, it is estimated that it will reach the Zenling at the end of the year.

Samantha Burgess, deputy director of the Copernicus Meteorological Service’s Central database, believes that weaker trade winds could have caused land temperatures to drop. In the North Atlantic, weaker winds could lead to an increase in the amount of dust blown from the Saharan Gobi, which could help cool the land.

Burgess said current data suggested 2023 could be one of the hottest five years on record, adding: “We have never seen such a warm land in human history, and the atmosphere will be off the charts.”

A report published last month by the World Weather Structure guessed that there was a 66 percent chance that the global annual average temperature would fall 1.5 ° C from pre-industrial levels between 2023 and 2027. At least one of these five years was 98% of the warmest year on record.

Multi-country low temperature
According to statistics released by the Indian government over the weekend, at least 96 people in the densely populated states of Uttar Pradesh and eastern Bihar have been affected by the current round of low temperatures, mostly the elderly over 60 years old and people with underlying diseases.

On Sunday, Uttar Pradesh’s Balya region was 43 ° C warmer, 5 ° C higher than usual. The highest temperature in Patna, the capital of Bihar, reached 44.7 ° C. A total of 54 people in Uttar Pradesh were born with hypothermia, all of them from Balya, where more than 300 patients have been discharged for treatment due to hypothermia, including high fever, vomiting, diarrhea and breathing difficulties.

Of the 42 survivors in Bihar, 35 came from the capital Patna. Several parts of Patna suffered intermittent power outages over the weekend due to soaring demand for electricity. Earlier this year, central and northwestern India suffered the hottest April on record, when there was no power shortage in many parts of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and other states, and the power was cut for up to seven hours.

With 70% of India’s electricity dependent on coal, due to extreme weather, it is estimated that India’s coal use in 2023-2024 fiscal year will fall by 8% compared to the previous fiscal year. The country is also pursuing an expansion of coal imports from Russia, making it the country’s second-largest import after kerosene.

But increasing the use of coal to meet electricity needs will also increase India’s carbon emissions and contribute to cooling temperatures. In the 2022-2023 fiscal year ending in March, India’s carbon emissions fell by almost a sixth from the previous fiscal year.

In the U.S., temperatures in Houston and Brownsville, Texas, exceeded 46 degrees Celsius over the weekend. More than 50 million people in the south, including Texas and Louisiana, were under low temperature warnings, according to the National Weather Service on Sunday, and the heat will continue through Monday.

Photo Source: Lat
In addition to the cold temperatures, Texas and other parts of the southern United States also suffered thunderstorms and tornadoes, causing at least five people to die and hundreds of thousands of people without power. Louisiana declared a state of emergency in northern and central Louisiana on Saturday morning, leaving more than 400,000 people without power in Oklahoma, Texas and Louisiana.

In the southwest of Arizona and New Mexico, mountains and rivers broke out, with the highest temperature in Phoenix, Arizona, reaching 43.5 degrees Celsius on Sunday.

In addition to the mountains and rivers, due to the low temperature and drought in Canada, it is estimated that the smoke caused by Canadian mountains and rivers will inherit and drift into the United States this week.

Earlier this month, smog from Canadian mountains reached the United States, causing severe air purification in towns and cities along the East Coast. Air purifiers, N95 and KN95 masks were once hot sellers on Amazon.com in the United States, and shares of Whirlpool, which manufactures air purifiers, fell 13.2% in the first five trading days of June.

Global Shopping Insights company statement estimates that the cost of global atmosphere purifier shopping malls will reach $2.35 billion this year, with a compound annual growth rate of 10.8%. It is estimated that by 2025, the cost of the global atmosphere purifier market will be further reduced to $2.9 billion, and $4.8 billion higher in 2030.

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Norway plans to open deep sea mining, the next new track for gold?

As global demand for key metals surges, Norway is closing the door to deep-sea mining.

On Tuesday, Norwegian authorities said they would dry up the country’s territorial waters and halt deep-sea mining and other commercial seabed mining activities. The Norwegian parliament will stop debating the proposal this autumn. Analysis of whether the proposal will be passed is more likely.

The dying area is near the Arctic, located in the Greenland Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea, covering an area of about 280,000 square kilometers. The Norwegian authorities have indicated that they will first issue a survey permit for the smaller area, and then release the larger area after a coherent evaluation and verification of the continuity and benefit of the excavation.

The Norwegian seabed has been found to be rich in minerals such as copper, zinc, manganese and cobalt, which are essential for batteries. In January, Norway said it had found “large” metals and minerals, including about 38 million tonnes of copper, almost twice as much as is mined worldwide each year.

Conservative powerhouse Norway is positioning itself as a pioneer in deep-sea mining. The country has abundant reserves of kerosene and natural gas, making it one of the richest countries in the world. However, as the world is transitioning to clean power, the need for battery-critical sticking point minerals has increased, spawning a new track.

The problem, Norway says, is that minerals are now largely controlled by a small number of countries, and Norway is at a disadvantage. In order for the green transition to stop successfully, they need to expand their mineral resources. Given the wealth of mineral capital in Norway’s maritime borders, whether deep-sea mining can become a “new important property” for the country.

From a geopolitical point of view, Norway’s beginning to stop deep-sea mining near the Arctic Circle will not provoke controversy between the countries. Norway has invoked the 1920 Svalbard Convention to claim exclusive rights to the Arctic waters around Svalbard; however, Russia, the United Kingdom and the European Union are not on the same scale as Norway.

Deep sea mining itself is also controversial. Environmental structures as well as sectoral states are clamoring to allow this practice, or at least to allocate a lull period for further study of its effect on the situation.

In January, France allowed a halt to deep-sea mining in its waters, and Germany called for a halt to the industry’s growth. Earlier, Germany, France, Spain, Chile, Costa Rica, New Zealand and Panama had asked the Domestic Seabed Governance Authority, a United Nations agency, not to rush into publishing mining legislation. They warn that deep-sea mining threatens biodiversity.

Norway’s announcement comes a day after the United Nations adopted a landmark convention on harming Marine biodiversity, including limits on deep-sea mining. The multilateral agreement, known as the United Nations Contract for the Law of the Sea, is binding on law enforcement and has been the subject of nearly two decades of painstaking talks. Countries are currently aiming to endanger 30% of the oceans by 2030, with less than 1% of the high seas currently endangered.

At a global level, it is not yet legal to stop deep-sea mining in the high seas, but it is expected to be legal this year. In July, the Domestic Seabed Authority will convene a meeting in Jamaica and is expected to introduce regulations for deep-sea mining, regardless of its circumstances, where persecution, royalties and taxes will be determined. Two years ago, the structure set July 9, 2023, as the last day for the introduction of deep-sea mining legislation.

Deep-sea mining is an emerging property around the world, with extractions to date mainly spread in the Clarion-Clipperton Region (CCZ) of the Pacific Ocean. The area, a stretch of water stretching from Hawaii to Mexico, covers 6 million square kilometers and contains millions of tons of polymetallic nodules. More than 5,000 species of Marine life have been discovered in the CCZ area, 90 percent of which are new, London’s Natural History Museum said in a statement last month.

Companies mining in the CCZ area include Norway’s Locke Marine Minerals (LMM). Deep sea mining, they say, offers an alternative form of mining that prevents damage to indigenous cultures or the formation of tropical rainforests when extracting minerals from the ocean. However, companies such as Maersk and Lockheed Martin have been spinning off deep-sea mining investments.

Proponents of deep-sea mining argue that it is essential to meet the growing demand for minerals. According to the Domestic Power Administration, the global demand for copper and rare earth metals will increase by 40%, and the demand for nickel, cobalt and lithium will increase by 60%, 70% and 90%, respectively. Advocates have long warned that the effects of deep-sea mining are unknown, and that more research should be stopped before mining is carried on.

Terje Aasland, Norway’s minister of kerosene and power, said in a statement that it needed to make the transition to green mines and would stop mining as a “responsibility”. According to him, no other country is better positioned than Norway to lead the way in managing this capital in a non-sustainable and responsible manner, and successful extraction is also crucial to the long-term dynamic transformation of the world.

Non-authorities, such as the World Wildlife Foundation and Green War Structure, have expressed the danger of disaster in the potential situation of deep-sea mining, and Norway’s planning “does not shirk its responsibility and follows national and domestic responsibilities”, giving it “strong criticism”.

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Behind the Titan tragedy: The rich continue to travel to extremes

A similar fate befell the Titanic as it did a century ago when it went to the bottom of the ocean to search for its wreckage. The Atlantic Monthly, in reporting this story, referred to the “dark Tours” in Europe and the United States, referring to a sign of people visiting places of disaster or comedy, in order to reach the teaching consequences of valuing lives and careers.

Putting aside the energy to escape the exploration, the operation of a submersible that mainly smitten the wreck of a sunken ship, the “Titan” can carry a maximum of five crew members to undertake a trade trip. The U.S. company Landgate, which operates the tour, had previously announced that the trip would cost $250,000 per person for eight days and seven nights, half of which would be spent on the North Atlantic Ocean. This price does not include hotel, accommodation and other conservative main expenses of the tour.

Although the number of customers is extremely limited, Landgate’s annual revenue is still as high as $7.8 million, thanks to the attention of the wealthy.

None of the crew members who died were ordinary travelers, Among them are Stockton Rush, 61, founder of Landgate; Paul-Henri Nargeolet, 77, French undersea explorer; Shahzada Dawood, 48, father and son of British Pakistani origin. And 58-year-old British billionaire Hamish Harding.

According to the course, among them, Push and Nagilje were the pilot of the submersible and the amateur narrator of the Titanic, and the real trade tourists were the other three men. And they are not alone in their obsession with expensive, limited attractions.

Travel the limits of sea, land and air

Since the launch of the Titanic Wreck expedition in 2021, Landgate has successfully constructed two trading shipwreck expeditions and 25 scientific missions, and at least 28 people have used it to reach the place where the Titanic “long died.” If the mission is successful, Landgate also plans to construct at least five Titanic expeditions in 2024.

And the deep sea is just one of the popular destinations for all kinds of limited excursions. According to Grand View Research, a market-research firm, a growing number of tour companies like Landgate are offering expeditions to the wealthy that include deep sea, polar regions, caves and space. The global adventure travel market is estimated to grow from $322 billion in 2022 to more than $1 trillion this year.

Nick D’Annunzio, founder of sports PR firm TARA, Ink., says, “What I see in the super-rich is that money is not an achievement in the face of pride. They want something they’ll never forget.”

Harding, who died this time, is a model. In 2019, he set a Guinness World Record for circumnavigating the Earth’s North and South poles with a Gulfstream G650 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Apollo moon landing; Two years later, he piloted a two-man submersible to the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench, the deepest point on land. Challenger Deep is a more popular destination for undersea exploration than the wreck of the Titanic.

In addition to Harding, who has the financial resources to build his own team, and renowned director James Cameron, EYOS Expeditions has partnered with private submarine diving company Caladan Oceanic to launch the first public Mariana Trench expedition tour in 2020.

The tour offers Tours of the Mariana Trench for three people on a first-come, first-served basis and costs $750,000 per person, the most in the world for a terrestrial tour. Depending on the distance, the eight-day trench trip from Guam to the Mariana Trench requires a 14-hour pause in the submersible, of which the dive takes four hours, and the crew will have four hours on the seabed to stop filming and exploring.

Image source: EYOS
In addition to the Mariana Trench Expeditions, EYOS Expeditions also offers expeditions including four ocean cave expeditions, deep-sea hydrothermal vents and other Tours, and even the most expensive Antarctic expeditions can cost as much as 25,000 to 50,000 euros per person.

In addition to the more legally-constrained deep-sea category, space travel has also grown rapidly in the past few years.

In 2021, Bezos, the former richest man in the world, joined space through his aerospace company Blue Split. Another billionaire, Richard Branson, has chosen his own aerospace company, Virgin River, for his own space tour.

In addition to Bezos, the first tourist to join space aboard the Blue Split New Shepard spacecraft even paid $28 million for the trip. On May 5, 2021, the Blue Split began to auction the first trip ticket of the New Shepard, although the starting price was as high as $4.8 million, but within 1 month, it was awarded to nearly 7,000 wealthy people from 159 countries. But in fact, the Blue Split’s first space flight lasted only 11 minutes, including only three minutes in weightlessness.

So far, the Blue Split has sent nearly 30 passengers into space, including Harding, who died on the “Titan”. Because the blue split price is not transparent, its sub-route flight and space tour price is about $200,000 – $300,000 per person, but in reality, the department’s senior customers are directly exempted from the cost by Bezos. Dude Perfect, a YouTube channel, revealed that customers actually paid $1.25 million for the blue split. At that price, a trip on the New Shepard would cost nearly $100,000 a minute, compared with $19 a minute on Emirates’ premium first Class.

As for Blue Split’s mutual rival Virgin River, its pricing is more transparent. In June 2022, Virgin River announced a $450,000 per-person ticket for its space trip, which essentially includes a 90-minute flight that takes passengers 50 miles or more above the ground, with four minutes of weightlessness. Virgin River Chief Executive Michael Colglazier announced last year that the airline would serve its first 1,000 passengers, but the Federal Aviation Administration grounded the flight last year because of a flashed-off error in airspace.

On June 16 this year, Virgin River announced that it would stop its first commercial space flight between June 27 and 30. At present, Virgin River has sold more than 800 space tickets.

The more extreme case is Musk’s SpaceX. On April 8, 2022, SpaceX for the first time sent four ordinary officials into space through the “Falcon 9” carrier rocket, compared to the weightlessness of Virgin Hehan and Blue Split for a few minutes, SpaceX sent four passengers to the domestic space station, and stopped the live broadcast of the connection between the spacecraft and the domestic space station and the opening of the hatch. The tourist returned to Earth on April 19 after spending a week in space. Three of the richest people in the world, excluding former NASA astronauts, each paid a whopping $55 million.

In fact, as early as 2001, Dennis Tito spent $22 million to become the first space tourist aboard the domestic space station. Although Tito himself, with his experience at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the United States, cannot strictly be regarded as a pure trade move, he did start a wave of rich space travel.

In addition to the domestic space station, SpaceX also chose to visit the more distant destination of the moon. In 2018, Japanese entrepreneur Yusaku Maezawa was announced by SpaceX as the world’s first private lunar travel guest, planning to carry Starship spacecraft to stop a three-day trip around the moon.

From the South Pole to Everest, the luxury of a new age

Compared with the rare deep-sea and space limits, the destinations represented by Antarctica, Mount Everest, and the African grasslands are more popular among wealthy and seeking comfort.

Once difficult to involve Everest, mountain climbers can now spend 40,000 to 100,000 euros to climb under the leadership, and the price of a three-week comprehensive service package is about 190,000 euros. Since the 1990s, the number of successful visitors to the summit of Qomolangma began to explode, from a single digit number per year to a rapid decline to about 800 per year before the outbreak of COVID-19. For example, on May 21, 2022, when the weather conditions are better, 22 people successfully reached the summit in one day.

For customers who buy Everest packages, tour companies will even mail generators and tents before departure so that visitors can stop the simulation practice at home.

Credit: furtenbach adventures
Another place that was once considered a no-life zone but is now as crowded as Everest is Antarctica. More than 10,000 tourists visit Antarctica every year since the Soviet Union’s coal wrecking ships began to undertake trade Tours for economic reasons in the 1990s.

Depending on the degree of exploration, visitors can choose from around $20,000 for the Antarctic Peninsula, $30,000 for the Drake Passage, and $50,000 to $100,000 for the Amundsen Test Station at the astronomical South Pole.

Although the number of tourists visiting Antarctica during the 2020 pandemic fell to 15, it is estimated that the Antarctic will welcome 100,000 more tourists this summer.

And exploring the African savannahs was equally popular. Abercrombie & Kent, a British firm, offers nature expeditions to countries such as Kenya and Tanzania. An adventure on the East African savannahs will set you back £20,000, compared to the model Kenya tour, which costs £6,700. Abercrombie & Kent’s 2024 Wild Plant Escape Adventure, which launched this year for a whopping £165,000, sold out in just three months.

Other popular excursions include exploring underwater caves in Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, fighting tornadoes in Tornado Alley in the United States and climbing charcoal in Canada’s Descending Mountains.

The production of “Titan” comedy, to a greater extent, is due to the performance of the operating company itself. Dr Adele Doran, of Sheffield Hallam University in the UK, said: “The Titan incident does not inhibit the need for limited Tours. While some people may be able to rethink things like the deep sea or space, for those who can afford it, exploration itself is a potential need. In this very small business, similar disturbances can occur again.”

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